9th class English notes Sindh Ethics Character Building Chapter 1

9th class English notes Sindh Textbook board Education in Karachi Ethics Character Building Chapter 1.

Reading Comprehension Exercise 1

Guess the meanings of the words given and check the meanings from the glossary at the end of the book.

ancestors        migrate        aggressive     hypocrites          pagans    harmony
prohibited      alliance         unified             consolidated    astray
beware             superiority  piety                legitimate          equitable
meritocracy  principle

Answer:]

WordsGuessed MeaningMeaning from the Glossaryancestorsforefathersfamily members who were before the grandparentsmigrateto move from one place to anotherto move from one place to go or live in another placeaggressiveangrylikely to attackhypocritesa person with false appearance or beliefspeople who pretend to be what they are notpaganssomeone with no or little religionpeople who do not believe in any f the main religions of the worldharmonypeaceunderstanding and accepting each others' thoughts and feelingsprohibitedsomething not alloweddid not allow doing somethingalliancefriendshipa kind of working relationshipunifiedmake one single unitlinked people togetherconsolidatedstrengthenmade secure or strongastraykeep someone away from the right pathaway from the correct path or directionbewareto be aware of something or someonebe carefulsuperiorityto be superior to be higher in rank or positionpietypiousnessstrictly following the teachings of one's religionlegitimateto make legalaccording to the rules and lawsequitableequalfair and justicemeritocracyaccording to meritgiving awards and positions to people according to their capability and performanceprinciplerule, lawa rule for behaving in a certain way

9th class English notes Sindh Ethics Character Building Chapter 1

Reading Comprehension Exercise 2

Choose any ten words from the list and use them in your own sentences.

ancestors      migrate       aggressive         hypocrites          pagans    harmony
prohibited    alliance       unified                 consolidated     astray
beware           superiority piety                    legitimate          equitable
meritocracy principle

WordsSentencesancestorsMy ancestors belong to Afghanistan.aggressiveMy little sister is more aggressive than my elder brother.harmonyThey worked in perfect harmony in the textile mill.prohibitedEating pork is strictly prohibited in Islam.allianceThe two countries made an alliance.bewareBeware of the dog next door.superiorityNo one is superior in the eyes of Allah Almighty. pietyThe saint is known for his piety.equitableAll the children must have an equitable share in their father's property.principleThe principle behind it is quite simple.

Reading Comprehension Exercise 5

Read the text and find out whether the statements are right or wrong. Tick the appropriate column. 

S. No.StatementsRightWrong1.The mission of the Prophet (S.A.W)continued for 23 years.Yes2.All the Quraish refused to accept Islam.Yes3.The City of Yathrib was less than 320 miles away from Makkah.Yes4.The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) decided to build a mosque at a place outside Yathrib before entering the city.Yes5.Today, Yathrib is called Madinat-an-Nabi.Yes6.The people of Madina agreed that Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) should settle their disputes.Yes7. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W)  addressed such a large gathering of Muslims for the last time at Arafat.Yes8.Islam has different laws for the black and for the white people.Yes9.All human beings are children of Adam and dam was created from dust.Yes10.Only the people who heard the last sermon were supposed to follow it. Yes

Reading Comprehension Exercise 6

The table has messages from the Last Sermon of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). The first part of the sentence is given in column A and the second part is given in column B, in a jumbled order. Read the text, match the part in column A with the correct part in column B and write the answer in column C.

S. No.Column AColumn BColumn C1.Only those people were superiora) to the people to whom they belong.1      f2.All Muslims were tied to each otherb) that were based on blood and wealth were useless. 2      g3.The only thing that made one person better than the otherc) you may get hurt in return.3      j4.No Muslim had a right to things belonging to other Muslimsd) have rights over each other.4     i5.Satan will try to misguide you in small matterse) as a sacred trust.5     h6.Therefore, all claims to superiorityf) who led a righteous life.6     b7.Return all things kept with you in trustg) in the bond of brotherhood.7      a8.Both men and womenh) so be careful.8       d9.If you will hurt othersi) unless they gave these of their own free will.9       c10.Consider the life and property of every Muslimj) was the goodness with which they led their lives.10      e

Reading Comprehension Exercise 7

Complete the following statements.
1. Most of the Quraish refused to accept Islam because they thought that the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) was _____________.
2. The day the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) entered Yathrib, marks the start of the __________.
3. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) invited the leaders of all the communities living in Madina to discuss ___________.
4. The three main points of the Charter of Madina were ______________.
5. In order to strengthen the position of the Muslims in Madina, the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) took three major steps, which were ____________.
6. The farewell pilgrimage of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) is an important event for the Muslims because ____________.
7. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) asked the people in the gathering to listen carefully as ____________.
8. The Muslims can ensure that all people get their fair share by ___________.

Answer:
1. Most of the Quraish refused to accept Islam because they thought that the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) was against their gods and their ancestors.
2. The day the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) entered Yathrib, marks the start of the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
3. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) invited the leaders of all the communities living in Madina to discuss this matter.
4. The three main points of the Charter of Madina were the rights and duties of the Muslims and the Jews of  Madina, gave freedom of religion, and prohibited any alliance with the outside enemies.
5. In order to strengthen the position of the Muslims in Madina, the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) took three major steps, which were the unification of different Arab tribes under Islam, carrying out social and religious reforms, and consolidation of administrative developments.
6. The farewell pilgrimage of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) is an important event for the Muslims because it was the first and last pilgrimage made by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).
7. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) asked the people in the gathering to listen carefully as they have to take these words to those who could not be present here today.
8. The Muslims can ensure that all people get their fair share by following the guiding principle of honesty and justice.

Language Practice Exercise 1

The following table has some second conditional sentences. The first part is in column  A and the second in column B, but in a jumbled order. Find the correct match from column B and write the answer in the answer column.

No.Column ANo.Column BAns.1.If all people in  Pakistan became honesta.if the students and teachers paid due attention.1      g2.I could easily get an A grade in my examsb.if they had an updated map of the area.2      f3.If our driver did not drive so fastc.they could visit all their friends.3       d4.The tourists would not be lostd.we would not be in hospital right now.4       b5.If they had the timee.if she presented it well.5      c6.If money grew on treesf.if I worked really hard.6     h7.Our schools would produce capable leadersg.the country would progress very fast.7       a8.Her idea would be acceptedh.everyone would be rich.8     e

Language Practice Exercise 2

Complete the following second conditional sentences by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
a) If she studied harder, .......................... (get)
b) If you grew multiple crops on your land, .................. (earn)
c) People would fly, .................. (have)
d) If I owned a camera, .................. (take)
e) They might win the match, ................. (work)
f) If Abdullah lived with his family, ................. (save)
g) My family would move to the city, ............ (allow)
h) She could become a good doctor, .......... (get) 

Answer:
a) If she studied harder, she would be able to get good marks.
b) If you grew multiple crops on your land, you would earn money.
c) People would fly if they had an airplane on time.
d) If I owned a camera, I could take amazing photographs.
e) They might win the match if they work hard.
f) If Abdullah lived with his family, he would not save much money.
g) My family would move to the city if my grandparents allowed it.
h) She could become a good doctor if she gets admission to a medical college.]

Language Practice Exercise 4

Correct the punctuation and capitalization in the following passage.

Forming habits
how does it take to form a new habit i looked for an answer the same way most people do nowadays is asked google the answer i got was 21 days it seemed that if you repeat a behaviour everyday for 21 days you can form a brand-new habit then i asked can one change all types of behaviour in 21 days or just some types i was not able to find an answer all i could find out was that if it was exercise smoking writing a diary or turning cartwheels you could do it 21 days the important thing was to maintain a chain of 21 days without breaking it

one psychologist mr mohan decided to do some research to find out if all new habits could be formed in just 21 days about 100 people from the multan university participated in the research they were asked to choose a behaviour that they wanted to turn into a habit that had to choose something they didnt already do that could be repeat every day what do you think the result was

the results showed that on average it took 66 days until a habit was formed however this does not mean that people werent able to form new habits in 21 days according to the study findings some habits could be formed in 21 days while some could take as long as 254 days so 21 days to form a habit is probably right as long as all you want to do is drink a glass of water after breakfast anything harder is likely to take longer to become a really strong habit and in the case of some activities much longer

Answer:
Forming habits
How does it take to form a new habit? I looked for an answer. The same way most people do nowadays is asked google, the answer I got was 21 days. It seemed that if you repeat a behaviour everyday for 21 days, you can form a brand-new habit. Then, I asked can one change all types of behaviour in 21 days or just some types? I was not able to find an answer. All I could find out was that if it was exercise, smoking, writing a diary or turning cartwheels, you could do it 21 days. The important thing was to maintain a chain of 21 days without breaking it.

One psychologist Mr. Mohan decided to do some research to find out if all new habits could be formed in just 21 days. About 100 people from the Multan University participated in the research. They were asked to choose a behaviour that they wanted to turn into a habit that had to choose something, they didn't already do that could be repeat every day. What do you think the result was?

The results showed that on average it took 66 days until a habit was formed. However, this does not mean that people weren't able to form new habits in 21 days. According to the study findings, some habits could be formed in 21 days while some could take as long as 254 days. So, 21 days to form a habit is probably right as long as all you want to do is drink a glass of water after breakfast. Anything harder is likely to take longer to become a really strong habit and in the case of some activities much longer.

Writing Exercise 2

Write a descriptive essay of at least four paragraphs on any one of the following topics:

1) My village/town/city
2) A historical place
3) A scenic place
4) School playground

Answer:
1) My City
The day, since I opened my eyes in this world, I am in love with my city "Karachi". It is one of the most largest, important and beautiful cities of Pakistan. It is the capital city of Sindh province. It has been given the title of “City of Lights” due to the hustle and bustle of the city people especially at the night time. My city enjoys moderate climate throughout the year due to its proximity to seaside. 

Karachi provides residence and shelter to approximately 18.5 million people. This makes it one of the largest populated cities in the world. It is the world’s fourth largest metropolitan area. In comparison to other cities of Pakistan, the literacy rate of Karachi is quite high. Karachi is known as “The bride of cities” because of its energy. It is also the city of “Quaid”. In this city, the graves of Miss Fatima Jinnah & Shaheed-e-Millat Liaquat Ali Khan are also located.

My city Karachi is the country’s prime centre of trade, industry & banking thus, becomes the financial capital, business hub and the main seaport of the country. It is a house of largest corporations all those involved in shipping, entertainment, arts, advertising, fashion, textiles, publishing, medical research, and software development. Karachi is famous for it's international airport, beautiful attractions including the Zoo, Sands Pit, Frere Hall, M.A. Jinnah Road, Clifton, Zaib-Un-Nisa Street, Manora, Hawks Bay. My city is also famous for its food such as Sindhi biryani, qorma, daleem, nihari, rabri, sheermall, etc. It has one of the largest fish markets in the country that offer people fresh fish, prawns, shrimps, lobsters, crabs, etc.  

Karachi is one of the impressive, historical and largest business centres of Pakistan that is famous for various reasons such as industry, textile, trade, shipping, entertainment, etc. My city caters the needs and demands of not only its residents but supply manufactured consumer goods to the whole country in bulk. The people of Karachi are hospitable and friendly. I love my city that I never think of leaving my city ever in my life.

2) A Historical Place
Taxila one of the landmarks in the historical and archaeological affluence of Pakistan, is situated in the North-West of Rawalpindi some thirty miles away from the city. It is not only a place rich in its culture and civilization but depicts its importance due to the close association and influence of the great personalities of the past including Alexander and Asoka, one of the greatest and most illustrious figures of the sub-continent.

Taxila Museum is the most worth-seeing attraction for the tourists. It is also one of the oldest museums in Pakistan as it has some of the most valuable Buddhist relics and statues from 2nd century BC to 6th century AD. The articles that are displayed at the museum are very valuable and present the master craftsmanship of the Gandhara art. Tour guides are available at Taxila and the museum too, to give insight and detailed information to the tourists and hence they are the source of quenching people's thirst for gaining historical knowledge.

Right at the entrance of the museum's hall, people are welcomed by a huge silent stupa of Buddha. Apart from this, the hall owns a number of statues enclosed in glass cases. A dark room is there too where people can see expensive, antique jewellery enclosed in beautiful glass cases, the jewellery worn by the queens and princesses of that time. The museum also contains a large collection of coins from the period of the Indo-Greeks to the late Kushans. There are some 4000 objects displayed at the museum, including stone, stucco, terracotta, silver, gold, iron and semiprecious stones. The display consists of objects from the period 600 B.C to 500 AD.

Taxila and the Museum there are one of the oldest historical treasures of the world. Both the historical sites, reflect the time of Buddha, the way people lived, the pots and other stuff used by them, the coins and jewellery of ancient times, etc. Such places must be visited by people to understand and learn about the riches of the past.

3) A Scenic Place
Pakistan is blessed with a great number of beauties, among them Chitral Valley is the most prominent one. Chitral Valley is one of Pakistan’s most beautiful places to visit to cherish the beauty of nature at the fullest. One can find and enjoy the landscape of Chitral from icy mountain peaks to rivers to forests.

Chitral is bordered in the east with Gilgit-Baltistan, south-east Swat valley, north, and north-east by China and the Wakhan corridor of Afghanistan, and in the west by the Nuristan and Kunar provinces of Afghanistan. The most prominent language of Chitral is Khowar, apart from it more than ten other languages are spoken here. With respect to food, Chitral has a regional variance in contrast to many other cuisines of Pakistan. Some famous foods include Mantus, Pilaf, Salty buttered tea, green tea, and very bitter black tea, called Troq Chai, are all very popular as well. Honey, cheese and fresh fruits are also a staple part of the Chitrali diet.

Chitral is recognized not only because of its beauty but also due to its most historical cities and a tourist hub. This awesome valley is famous for mountaineering, trekking, fishing and hiking in addition to a number of beautiful tourist spots. If one wants to visit Chitral Valley, it is from July to September because it can get very hot during May and June.

All over the world, Chitral is famous for its polo grounds as the natural and most played sport in Chitral is Polo. One of the worth-seeing place in Chitral the museum that the government has established containing antiques, weapons and other stuff from the old times of monarchies. This museum helps in providing great knowledge about history and culture of Chitral and Kalash people. Next, to the museum, the other sight-seeing of the valley include Chitral National Park and Shahi Mosque. The people of Chitral are very friendly and hospitable. The valley is safe for the tourists and visitors. One can easily find hotels and guest rooms to have a comfortable, cozy stay at the valley. Hence, Chitral Valley is a scenic place of the Northern areas of Pakistan.

Fakhr e Alam

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